Metal Hammer Magazine

FDP-Metal-Hammer.jpg' alt='Metal Hammer Magazine' title='Metal Hammer Magazine' />Where Metal Lives Breaking news, reviews, interviews, audio, and videos. Your hub for metal music. Mike White, an instructor at the Franklin Technology Center in Joplin Missouri, shared a set of student plans for a machinists ball peen hammer. Metal Hammer Magazine' title='Metal Hammer Magazine' />Forge Wikipedia. Wooden smithy in Opole, Upper Silesia, Poland. A forge is a type of hearth used for heating metals, or the workplace smithy where such a hearth is located. The forge is used by the smith to heat a piece of metal to a temperature where it becomes easier to shape by forging, or to the point where work hardening no longer occurs. The metal known as the workpiece is transported to and from the forge using tongs, which are also used to hold the workpiece on the smithys anvil while the smith works it with a hammer. Sometimes such as when hardening steel or cooling the work so that it may be handled with bare hands the workpiece is transported to the slack tub, which rapidly cools the workpiece in a large body of water, however depending upon the metal type eg steel, it may require an oil quench, having said that, a salt brine may be in order, many metals require more than just plain water hardening. The slack tub also provides water to control the fire in the forge. Types of forgeseditCoalcokecharcoal forgeeditA forge typically uses bituminous coal, industrial coke or charcoal as the fuel to heat metal. The designs of these forges have varied over time, but whether the fuel is coal, coke or charcoal the basic design has remained the same. A forge of this type is essentially a hearth or fireplace designed to allow a fire to be controlled such that metal introduced to the fire may be brought to a malleable state or to bring about other metallurgical effects hardening, annealing, and tempering as examples. The forge fire in this type of forge is controlled in three ways citation needed amount of air, volume of fuel, and shape of the fuelfire. Over thousands of years of forging, these devices have evolved in one form or another as the essential features of this type of forge 2Tuyere a pipe through which air can be forced into the fire. Bellows or blower a means for forcing air into the tuyere. Hearth a place where the burning fuel can be contained over or against the tuyere opening. MANSON-MARILYN-Metal-Hammer-September-2000-Marilyn-Manson-On-Cover.jpg' alt='Metal Hammer Magazine' title='Metal Hammer Magazine' />A forge is a type of hearth used for heating metals, or the workplace smithy where such a hearth is located. The forge is used by the smith to heat a piece of metal. Metal Hammer Print Back Issues. Magazine Subscriptions more. Metal Sonic Metaru Sonikku is the secondary antagonist in the Sonic the Hedgehog. Metal Hammer Magazine' title='Metal Hammer Magazine' />Traditionally hearths have been constructed of mud brick adobe, fired brick, stone, or later, constructed of iron. During operation, fuel is placed in or on the hearth and ignited. A source of moving air, such as a fan or bellows, introduces additional air into the fire through the tuyere. With additional air, the fire consumes more fuel and burns hotter and cleaner smoke can be thought of as escaped potential fuel. A typical Scottish smithy at Auchentiber, North Ayrshire, Scotland. A blacksmith balances the fuel and air in the fire to suit particular kinds of work. Often this involves adjusting and maintaining the shape of the fire. In a typical coal forge, a firepot will be centered in a flat hearth. The tuyere will enter the firepot at the bottom. In operation, the hot core of the fire will be a ball of burning coke in and above the firepot. The heart of the fire will be surrounded by a layer of hot but not burning coke. Around the unburnt coke will be a transitional layer of coal being transformed into coke by the heat of the fire. Surrounding all is a ring or horseshoe shaped layer of raw coal, usually kept damp and tightly packed to maintain the shape of the fires heart and to keep the coal from burning directly so that it cooks into coke first. If a larger fire is necessary, the smith increases the air flowing into the fire as well as feeding and deepening the coke heart. The smith can also adjust the length and width of the fire in such a forge to accommodate different shapes of work. The major variation from the forge and fire just described is a back draft where there is no fire pot, and the tuyere enters the hearth horizontally from the back wall. Coke and charcoal may be burned in the same forges that use coal, but since there is no need to convert the raw fuel at the heart of the fire as with coal, the fire is handled differently. Individual smiths and specialized applications have fostered development of a variety of forges of this type, from the coal forge described above, to simpler constructions amounting to a hole in the ground with a pipe leading into it. Gas forgeeditA gas forge typically uses propane or natural gas as the fuel. One common, efficient design uses a cylindrical forge chamber and a burner tube mounted at a right angle to the body. The chamber is typically lined with refractory materials such as a hard castable refractory ceramic or a soft ceramic thermal blanket ex Kaowool. The burner mixes fuel and air which are ignited at the tip, which protrudes a short way into the chamber lining. The air pressure, and therefore heat, can be increased with a mechanical blower or by taking advantage of the Venturi effect. Gas forges vary in size and construction, from large forges using a big burner with a blower or several atmospheric burners to forges built out of a coffee can utilizing a cheap, simple propane torch. A small forge can even be carved out of a single soft firebrick. The primary advantage of a gas forge is ease of use, particularly for a novice. A gas forge is simple to operate compared to coal forges, and the fire produced is clean and consistent. They are less versatile, as the fire cannot be reshaped to accommodate large or unusually shaped pieces. It is also difficult to heat a small section of a piece. A common misconception is that gas forges cannot produce enough heat to enable forge welding, but a well designed gas forge is hot enough for any task. Finery forgeeditA finery forge is a water powered mill where pig iron is refined into wrought iron. Forging equipmenteditThe anvil serves as a work bench to the blacksmith, where the metal to be forged is placed. Anvils may seem clunky and heavy, but they are a highly refined tool carefully shaped to suit a blacksmiths needs. Anvils are made of cast or wrought iron with a tool steel face welded on or of a single piece of cast or forged tool steel. Some anvils are made of only cast iron, and have no tool steel face. These are not real anvils, and will not serve a blacksmith as such because they are too soft. A common term for a cast iron anvil is ASO or Anvil Shaped Object. The purpose of a tool steel face on an anvil is to provide what some call Rebound as well as being hard and not denting easily from misplaced hammer blows. The term rebound means it projects some of the force of the blacksmiths hammer blows back into the metal thus moving more metal at once than if there were no rebound. A good anvil can project anywhere from 5. The flat top, called the face is highly polished and usually has two holes but can have more or less depending on the design. The square hole is called the hardy hole, where the square shank of the hardy tool fits. There are many different kinds of hardy tools. The smaller hole is called the pritchel hole, used as a bolster when punching holes in hot metal, or to hold tools similar to how the hardy tool does, but for tools that require being able to turn a 3. On the front of the anvil there is sometimes a horn that is used for bending, drawing out steel, and many other tasks. Stanford Hci Program on this page. Between the horn and the anvil face there is often a Small area called a step or a cutting table That is used for cutting hot or cold steel with chisels, and hot cut tools without harming the anvils face. Marks on the face transfer into imperfections in the blacksmiths work.