Poultry Farm Management System Pdf

Poultry farming Wikipedia. Poultry farming is the process of raising domesticated birds such as chickens, ducks, turkeys and geese for the purpose of farming meat or eggs for food. Poultry are farmed in great numbers with chickens being the most numerous. More than 5. 0 billion chickens are raised annually as a source of food, for both their meat and their eggs. Chickens raised for eggs are usually called layers while chickens raised for meat are often called broilers. In the US, the national organization overseeing poultry production is the Food and Drug Administration FDA. In the UK, the national organisation is the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs Defra. Intensive and alternativeeditAccording to the researchers and scientists, 7. One alternative to intensive poultry farming is free range farming using lower stocking densities. Poultry producers routinely use nationally approved medications, such as antibiotics, in feed or drinking water, to treat disease or to prevent disease outbreaks. Some FDA approved medications are also approved for improved feed utilization. Gba Rom Super Mario Advance 4. Egg laying chickens basin systemseditCommercial hens usually begin laying eggs at 1. This means that in many countries, by approximately 7. In some countries, hens are force moulted to re invigorate egg laying. Environmental conditions are often automatically controlled in egg laying systems. For example, the duration of the light phase is initially increased to prompt the beginning of egg laying at 1. Poultry Farm Management System Pdf' title='Poultry Farm Management System Pdf' />Some commercial breeds of hen can produce over 3. Free rangeedit. Commercial free range hens. Free range chickens being fed outdoors. Free range poultry farming allows chickens to roam freely for a period of the day, although they are usually confined in sheds at night to protect them from predators or kept indoors if the weather is particularly bad. In the UK, the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs Defra states that a free range chicken must have day time access to open air runs during at least half of its life. Unlike in the United States, this definition also applies to free range egg laying hens. Poultry Farm Management System Pdf' title='Poultry Farm Management System Pdf' />WalkingSelect The Right Shoes FN603. Program walking is a great way to add some physical activity for improved health and wellbeing. Shoes worn during walking. PennAg is honored to have received the Penn State Agricultural Council Leadership in Action Award. The Penn State Agricultural Council leadership awards honor. Chick-Farm.jpg' alt='Poultry Farm Management System Pdf' title='Poultry Farm Management System Pdf' />The European Union regulates marketing standards for egg farming which specifies a minimum condition for free range eggs that hens have continuous daytime access to open air runs, except in the case of temporary restrictions imposed by veterinary authorities. The RSPCA Welfare standards for laying hens and pullets indicates that the stocking rate must not exceed 1,0. Free range farming of egg laying hens is increasing its share of the market. Bird-Flu-outbreak.jpg' alt='Poultry Farm Management System Pdf' title='Poultry Farm Management System Pdf' />Defra figures indicate that 4. UK throughout 2. 01. This compares with 4. Suitable land requires adequate drainage to minimise worms and coccidial oocysts, suitable protection from prevailing winds, good ventilation, access and protection from predators. Excess heat, cold or damp can have a harmful effect on the animals and their productivity. Network Connect 7.1.0 Free Download. Free range farmers have less control than farmers using cages in what food their chickens eat, which can lead to unreliable productivity, though supplementary feeding reduces this uncertainty. In some farms, the manure from free range poultry can be used to benefit crops. The benefits of free range poultry farming for laying hens include opportunities for natural behaviours such as pecking, scratching, foraging and exercise outdoors. Both intensive and free range farming have animal welfare concerns. Cannibalism, feather pecking and vent pecking can be common, prompting some farmers to use beak trimming as a preventative measure, although reducing stocking rates would eliminate these problems. Diseases can be common and the animals are vulnerable to predators. Barn systems have been found to have the worst bird welfare. In South East Asia, a lack of disease control in free range farming has been associated with outbreaks of Avian influenza. OrganiceditIn organic egg laying systems, chickens are also free range. Organic systems are based upon restrictions on the routine use of synthetic yolk colourants, in feed or in water medications, other food additives and synthetic amino acids, and a lower stocking density and smaller group sizes. The Soil Association standards1. UK, indicate a maximum outdoors stocking density of 1,0. In the UK, organic laying hens are not routinely beak trimmed. YardingeditWhile often confused with free range farming, yarding is actually a separate method of poultry culture by which chickens and cows are raised together. The distinction is that free range poultry are either totally unfenced, or the fence is so distant that it has little influence on their freedom of movement. Yarding is common technique used by small farms in the Northeastern US. The birds are released daily from hutches or coops. The hens usually lay eggs either on the floor of the coop or in baskets if provided by the farmer. This husbandry technique can be complicated if used with roosters, mostly because of aggressive behavior. Battery cageedit. Bank of cages for layer hens1. The majority of hens in many countries are housed in battery cages, although the European Union Council Directive 1. EC1. 6 has banned the conventional battery cage in EU states from January 2. These are small cages, usually made of metal in modern systems, housing 3 to 8 hens. The walls are made of either solid metal or mesh, and the floor is sloped wire mesh to allow the faeces to drop through and eggs to roll onto an egg collecting conveyor belt. Water is usually provided by overhead nipple systems, and food in a trough along the front of the cage replenished at regular intervals by a mechanical chain. The cages are arranged in long rows as multiple tiers, often with cages back to back hence the term battery cage. Within a single shed, there may be several floors containing battery cages meaning that a single shed may contain many tens of thousands of hens. Light intensity is often kept low e. Benefits of battery cages include easier care for the birds, floor eggs which are expensive to collect are eliminated, eggs are cleaner, capture at the end of lay is expedited, generally less feed is required to produce eggs, broodiness is eliminated, more hens may be housed in a given house floor space, internal parasites are more easily treated, and labor requirements are generally much reduced. In farms using cages for egg production, there are more birds per unit area this allows for greater productivity and lower food costs. Floor space ranges upwards from 3. EU standards in 2. In the US, the current recommendation by the United Egg Producers is 6. The space available to battery hens has often been described as less than the size of a piece of A4 paper. Animal welfare scientists have been critical of battery cages because they do not provide hens with sufficient space to stand, walk, flap their wings, perch, or make a nest, and it is widely considered that hens suffer through boredom and frustration through being unable to perform these behaviours. This can lead to a wide range of abnormal behaviours, some of which are injurious to the hens or their cagemates. Furnished cageeditIn 1. European Union Council Directive 1. EC1. 6 banned conventional battery cages for laying hens throughout the European Union from January 1, 2. Switzerland. In response to these bans, development of prototype commercial furnished cage systems began in the 1.